- XF Applications
- Substrate Utilization
- Mitochondrial Function
- Energy Expenditure
- Cell Quality Assessment
- Cell Line Reference
Mitochondrial Function
Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the pathophysiology of obesity, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria generate the vast majority of cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and are critical to intermediary metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. While there is a growing focus on the mitochondria, it has not been practical to study and/or manipulate their function in whole cells using traditional microplates for increased throughput and experimental complexity.
At Seahorse Bioscience, we have developed a novel technology based on extracellular flux (XF) of metabolites, ions and molecules that pass in and out of living cells to address this need. The technology enables physiological changes in cellular bioenergetics to be non-invasively quantified by measuring the two major energy yielding pathways "“ mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis "“ in a sensitive and convenient microplate format.
Identifying Mitochondrial Toxicities in Primary and Immortalized Hepatocytes
Mitochondria generate the bulk of cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and are central to intermediary metabolism, free radical generation and regulation of apoptosis. This application note demonstrates how to employ XF assays to assess the effect of compounds on mitochondrial function within minutes; and to generate dose-response curves, rendering it well-suited for identifying in vitro liabilities at earlier stages of the drug discovery process.
Dose-dependent Response of HepG2 Liver Cells to the Mitochondrial Uncoupler FCCP
Mitochondrial respiration is composed of coupled and uncoupled respiration. This application note describes how to perform an XF assay to determine the dose-dependent response of HepG2 cells (human liver cell line) to the uncoupler FCCP.