Energy Expenditure
In response to a changing extracellular environment, disease and/or drug exposure, cells remodel bioenergetic pathways to ensure adequate levels of ATP. These changes can occur in minutes and result in phenotypic changes that can be detected by measuring the extracellular flux (XF) of bioenergetic analytes such as O2, H+ and CO2.
Metabolic Pathway Determination Using the XF24 Analyzer
Shifts between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis as a result of genetic, pharmacologic or environmental manipulation can be measured in a single assay. This application note describes how XF assays can be used to delineate metabolic pathway kinetics in a higher throughput, discovery format.
Understanding the Relationship Between Bioenergetic Rates and ATP Turnover
The rate of oxygen consumption (OCR) is indicative of mitochondrial respiration and the rate of proton production or extracellular acidification (ECAR), reflects glycolysis. These pathways generate ATP to power the cell. The data in this application note demonstrates that measuring changes in OCR and ECAR reflects alterations in ATP synthesis that occur in response to fluctuations in energy demand.